Syllabus for Paper 2 (Upper Primary, Class 6 to 8)
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Child Development and Pedagogy
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Child Development (Elementary school Child)
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- Concept of development and its relationship with learning.
- Principles of the development of the children
- Socialization processes: Social World and Children
- Influence of Heredity and Environment
- Piaget, Kohlberg, and Vygotsky: Constructs and Critical perspective.
- Critical perspective of the construct of intelligence
- Concept of child-centered and progressive education
- Multi-Dimensional Intelligence
- Language and Thought
- Individual differences among learners, understanding differences based on diversity of language, gender, caste, religion, community, etc.
- Gender as a social construct: Gender bias, gender roles, and educational practice
- Difference between Assessment for Learning and Assessment of Learning
- Formulating appropriate questions for assessing readiness levels of learners; for enhancing learning and critical thinking in the classroom and for assessing learner achievement.
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Concept of Inclusive Education and understanding children with special needs
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- Addressing learners from a diverse background (Including deprived and disadvantaged)
- Addressing the needs of children with Impairment, learning difficulties, etc.
- Addressing the creative, talented, and specially-abled learners
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Learning and Pedagogy
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- How children think and learn: How and why children fail to achieve success in school performance
- Child as a problem solver and a scientific Investigator
- Basic processes of Teaching and Learning, children’s strategies of learning, Social context of learning and learning as a social activity
- Alternative conceptions of learning in children, understanding Children’s errors as significant steps in the learning process
- Motivation and Learning
- Cognition and Emotion
- Factors contributing to learning (Personal and Environmental)
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Language I
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Language Comprehension
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- Reading unseen passages
- Two Passages one prose or Drama and one poem with questions on comprehension, Inference, etc.
- Grammar and Verbal Ability (Prose passage may be literary, narrative or discursive, scientific, etc.)
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Pedagogy of Language Development
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- Learning and Acquisition
- Role of Listening and speaking: Function of language and how children use it as a tool
- Principles of Language teaching
- Critical perspectives on the role of grammar in learning a language for communicating ideas verbally and in written form
- Language Skills
- Challenges of teaching language in a diverse classroom: language difficulty, errors and disorders, etc.
- Evaluating language comprehension and proficiency: speaking, reading, listening and writing
- Remedial Teaching
- Teaching-learning materials: Textbook, multilingual resource of the classroom, multimedia materials
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Language II
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Comprehension
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- Two unseen prose passages (literary, discursive, scientific, or narrative) with question in comprehension, verbal ability and grammar
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Pedagogy of Language Development
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- Learning and Acquisition’
- Role of listening and speaking: Functions of language and how children use it as a tool
- Principles of language teaching
- A critical perspective on the role of grammar in learning a language for communicating ideas verbally and in written form
- Language Skills
- Challenges of teaching language in a diverse classroom: language difficulty, errors, and disorders, etc.
- Evaluating language comprehension and proficiency: speaking, reading, listening, and writing
- Remedial Teaching
- Teaching-learning materials: Textbook, multilingual resource of the classroom, multimedia materials
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Mathematics
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Content
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- Number system
- Playing with numbers
- Knowing our Numbers
- Whole Numbers
- Fractions
- Negative numbers and Integers
- Algebra
- Introduction to algebra
- Ratio and Proportion
- Geometry
- Basic geometrical ideas (2-D)
- Understanding elementary shapes (2-D and 3-D)
- Construction (using straight edge scale, compasses, protractor)
- Symmetry
- Data handling
- Mensuration
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Pedagogical Issues
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- Nature of Mathematics/Logical Thinking
- Language of Mathematics
- Place of Mathematics in curriculum
- Community Mathematics
- Remedial Teaching
- Evaluation
- Problem of Teaching
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Science
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Content
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- Food
- Components of Food
- Sources of Food
- Materials
- Cleaning Food
- Materials of daily use
- Materials
- The world of the living
- How things work
- Moving things, people, and Ideas
- Electric Current and Circuits
- Magnets
- Natural Resources
- Natural Phenomenon
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Pedagogical Issues
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- Nature and structure of Sciences
- Understanding and Appreciating science
- Natural Science: Aims and Objectives
- Approaches and Integrated approach
- Innovation
- Observation/Experiment/Discovery (Method of Science)
- Remedial Teaching
- Evaluation: Cognitive, effective, etc.
- problems
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Social Studies/Social Sciences
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Content
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History
- When, Where, and How
- The first farmers and herders
- The early societies
- The first cities
- New Ideas
- Early states
- The first empire
- Political developments
- Contact with distant lands
- Culture and Science
- Sultans of Delhi
- New Kings and Kingdom
- Architecture
- Social change
- Creation of an Empire
- The establishment of company power
- Regional Cultures
- Rural life and society
- Colonialism and Tribal Societies
- Women and Reform
- The revolt of 1857-58
- Challenging the caste system
- The nationalist movement
- India after Independence
Geography
- Geography as a Social study and a science
- Environment in its totality: natural and human environment
- Planet: Earth in the solar system
- Water
- Air
- Human Environment: Transport, settlement, and communication
- Agriculture, social and political life
- Resources: Types (natural and human)
Social and Political Life
- Government
- Local Government
- State Government
- Democracy
- Understanding Media
- The Constitution
- Parliamentary Government
- The Judiciary
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Pedagogical Issues
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- Concept and nature of social science/ social studies
- Developing critical thinking
- Classroom processes, discourse, and activities
- Inquiry/Empirical evidence
- Sources: Primary and secondary
- Problems of teaching social science/social studies
- Project Work
- Evaluation
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